教科書開放審定版後之英語教學
■「窮孩子一上國中就放棄英文」聯合報民意論壇 9-28-02 李家同
■「英文教學何必化簡為繁」聯合報民意論壇 9-29-02 周中天
■「學生的英文程度這麼差,我怎麼教?」
■「學生的英文程度差這麼多,我怎麼教?」許多中小學英語教師常問的問題。
閱讀教材之定義
■任何可以用來增進學生英文閱讀能力之有語用情境的、有意義的文字。
■使用於閱讀課程之印刷品。
■為增進閱讀教學而編寫之英文教科書。
■老師指定的閱讀材料。
教材選用在閱讀教學中之角色
■要『因材施教』必須『選材施教』
■越缺乏經驗之教師越依賴適切之選擇
■適切之選擇可減低使用時之難度
■增進閱讀(教學)之效率
■決定教學的成敗
教材的難易度
■Easy materials
■Independent reading materials
■Instructional level reading materials
■Frustration level reading materials
以閱讀的目的來看
Intensive reading For academic study For information For pleasure For learning English For taking exams |
Extensive reading For academic study For information For pleasure For learning English |
教材難易分級之意義
■To make input comprehensible
■To make reading meaningful
■To make reading acquisition possible
■To reduce frustration of readers
■To make learning & teaching more effective & efficient
教材分級的依據標準
■Readability formula
■Vocabulary
■Sentence Structure
■Topic/content
■Cognitive maturity
■Learners’ life experience
■Cultural concerns
■Language acquisition order
從語言學習發展之歷程來看
■From lang. Universal property to language specific property
■From here-&-now to more remote
■From self-related to others
■From concrete to abstract concepts
■From holistic to analytic expressions
■From simple to complex passages
■From input to interaction to output
■From less comprehension to more
從教材的來源來看
■Authentic materials
■Simplified materials
■Textbooks/basal
■Environmental input
真實閱讀材料之例
■Literacy works, literature works: fictions, non-fictions, & other genres.
■Other printed matters: news papers, magazines, brochures, flyers, etc.
■Daily life functional writings: business or personal letters, phone bills, memos, notes, signs, flyers, etc.
■E-matters: websites, e-mails, ads, etc.
何謂適切的閱讀教材?
■必須是多元化之安排
■學習之目的決定教材之種類
■學生之程度與需求是主要的考量依據
■學習之效果之是主要之檢定標準
閱讀之方式與教材之配合
Independent reading |
At least 90% comprehension & 95% accuracy |
Instructional level |
75%--80% comprehension & 90% accuracy |
Frustration level |
Lower percentage than the above |
多元化教材之真正意義
■難易度多層次化 ■主題內容多元化 ■教學進度彈性化
■評量多元化 ■廣度閱讀個別化
有效閱讀教學之關鍵
■具創意且擅變之教師!
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