黃春騰雅築

1. Preparation Stage

A. Topic & Target audience

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How much do I know about the target audience?

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Is the topic clearly stated? (A good title)

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Is the topic appropriate for the audience and the occasion?

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Is the topic attractive to the target audience?

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B. Resources / References

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Observe & learn from other speeches. (e.g. speech contests, televangelists & celebrities’ speeches)

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Find & analyze the scripts of famous speeches. (e.g., Barack Obama, Douglas MacArthur, Winston Churchill, etc.)

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Use other resources, e.g., the Internet, interviews, library, videos, news, magazines, TV programs, movies, etc., for audience backgrounds & speech ideas.  

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C. Script writing

    (a) Structure & content: Is the structure of the speech complete & well-organized? (including greeting, gratitude, warm-up, topic, main issues, elaboration, examples, concluding remarks & wrap-up statement)

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Address the audience & express gratitude to the host.

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Contain warm-up section to get close to the audience.

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Tactfully get into the theme/topic.

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Topic/major statement of each paragraph/issue well stated.

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Each major statement further elaborated & developed.

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Use supporting examples for each major statement

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Examples relevant to the topic and the audience.

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Avoid offensive content.(taboos & use of euphemism)

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Is the whole script coherent?

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Write the script by yourself & ask for feedbacks from others

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Show signs of using/quoting supporting evidence.

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Content is informative & interesting.

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(b) Language/writing skills

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Is the writing logically organized? (Discourse coherence)

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Is the writing smooth? (With good cohesion & flow or too lengthy & wordy?)

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Use Spoken form. (e.g., phrasal verbs & contractions, avoid big words, etc.)

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Break long sentences into shorter ones by using parallel & grading structures.

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Avoid using too strong the claims, unless supported with evidence.

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Avoid using strong expressions. (e.g. We all have to, Everyone should/is, etc.)

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Avoid overusing the same patterns/skills, avoid mechanic patterns.

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Use humor & rhetoric skills.

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Show personal style.

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2. Practice/rehearsal Stage

A. Content familiarity

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Make use of tree structure to organize the whole speech.

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Use key words/phrases to help memorize the main ideas.

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Use color markers to highlight key words and difficult parts.

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Familiarize the content by retelling procedures. (ones own lang.)

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Use a camcorder/ audio recorder to record my own speech.

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Practice the speech in front of a mirror or a friend.

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Make use of backward formation to practice difficult sentences.

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Write down the difficulties encountered in practices. (Take notes)

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Keep modifying the script till I can speak with ease. ( e.g. change hard words to easier ones)

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Use this checklist to examine and monitor my own performance.

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B. Language skills  

    (a)General Linguistic part

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Voice loud enough for all the audience

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Is my pronunciation clear? (Intelligible?)

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Is my speech fluent?

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Use reduced forms & liaisons

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Avoid using too many fillers.

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Natural speech pace (vs. recitation speed of speech)

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(b) Working particularly on prosodic features

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Volume goes with content & emotion

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Proper pauses between constituents

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Appropriate pitch & stress variation

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Clear intonation patterns

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Linking/liaison

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    (c) Non-linguistic part

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Do I greet the host, guests, and audience?

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Interact with audience during the speech.

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Do I sound interesting?

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Do I pause long enough after asking a question?

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Facial expression

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Appropriate eye contact

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Gestures (Include body movements and hand gestures)

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Proximity (moving from the platform when necessary)

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Show enough emotion (Emotion goes with the meaning)

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Do I seem confident & enthusiastic?

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3. Presentation Stage

A. Delivery procedure & skills

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Greet host and audience before starting speech

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Show gratitude to the host

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Show warm-up tactics (get closer to the audience)

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Introduce the topic with tactics

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Pause for long enough time after asking a question

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Give brief feedback/make comment on audience responses

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Voice clearly heard (volume)

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Pronunciation accuracy

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Speech fluent with natural flow (right pauses)

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Avoid using too many fillers

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Prosodic features (e.g. pitch, stress, etc.) go with meaning

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Appropriate pace

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Involve your emotion with meaning

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Involve audience during speech via interactions (e.g. Q & A)

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Make comments on the unpredicted incidents

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Conclusion: Summarize the whole speech (We’ve talked about…)

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Final Q&A session

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Thank the host’s & the audience’s participation

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B. Non-verbal skills

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Facial expression

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Eye contact

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Gestures (Including body movements)

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Proximity ( Get close to the audience when necessary, not just stand behind the podium)

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Emotion (Emotion goes with the meaning)

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Good treatment of incidents (Make a short comment to them.)

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Show confidence and enthusiasm

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C. Show familiarity with the topic/content

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Natural speech (Talk about, not recital the content)

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Avoid too many fillers

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Speech is fluent with no hesitation & unnatural pauses

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Avoid looking at the script too frequently

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Proper use of prompts/outlines

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4. Wholistic criteria:  (Easy version, from a listener’s view)  

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How well do I hear the voices? (with ease)

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How well do I understand the messages? (Accuracy & fluency)

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How well is the speech organized? (Discourse coherence)

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How convincing is the speech? (Content)

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How much do I enjoy the speech? (Interest)

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Do I feel s/he is talking to me? (Interaction)

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Do I enjoy the whole speech? (Naturalness)

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